The rising death toll from Lassa fever in Nigeria has raised serious concerns among health experts and government officials. With 118 lives lost in the first quarter of 2025 alone, the outbreak underscores the persistent challenges of managing endemic diseases in the country. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) is now on high alert, warning that the situation could worsen if immediate action is not taken.

Understanding Lassa Fever and Its Transmission

Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa virus, which is primarily spread through contact with food or household items contaminated by infected rodent excreta. Human-to-human transmission can also occur, particularly in healthcare settings with inadequate infection control measures. While some cases are mild or asymptomatic, severe infections can lead to internal bleeding, multi-organ failure, and death.

The disease is endemic in Nigeria and other parts of West Africa, with seasonal outbreaks typically occurring during the dry season. However, the rising number of cases in early 2025 suggests an urgent need for stronger preventive measures and public awareness campaigns.

Escalating Infections and the Government’s Response

According to NCDC data, the outbreak has spread across multiple states, with some regions reporting a higher number of fatalities. In response, health authorities have ramped up disease surveillance, increased laboratory testing capacities, and deployed emergency response teams to affected areas.

The government, in collaboration with international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), is working to contain the outbreak. Efforts include providing essential medical supplies, strengthening infection prevention protocols in hospitals, and conducting public awareness campaigns to educate citizens on reducing exposure risks.

Challenges in Containing the Spread

Despite the government’s efforts, several challenges remain. A lack of early detection in rural communities, poor sanitation, and limited healthcare infrastructure have made it difficult to control the outbreak effectively. Additionally, misinformation and fear have led some individuals to delay seeking medical attention, increasing the risk of severe cases and fatalities.

The recurring outbreaks of Lassa fever highlight the need for long-term investment in public health systems, including improved rodent control measures, early diagnosis programs, and better healthcare facilities, particularly in remote areas.

Public Health Warnings and Preventive Measures

Health officials are urging Nigerians to take preventive measures seriously to reduce the risk of infection. Key recommendations include:

• Proper food storage: Keeping food in rodent-proof containers to prevent contamination.
• Hygiene practices: Washing hands regularly and maintaining clean living environments.
• Early medical intervention: Seeking medical help immediately if symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or unexplained bleeding occur.
• Avoiding rodent exposure: Reducing contact with rats, which are the primary carriers of the virus.

Conclusion

The 2025 Lassa fever outbreak serves as a stark reminder of the persistent threat posed by viral infections in Nigeria. While immediate containment efforts are crucial, the long-term solution lies in strengthening the country’s healthcare infrastructure, enhancing disease surveillance, and investing in public health education. With proactive measures and sustained commitment, Nigeria can work toward reducing the devastating impact of Lassa fever in the years to come.

source: vanguardngr.com